MufiZ

Math Function Examples

// Basic mathematical operations
var distance = abs(-5.5);          // 5.5
var squared = pow(4, 2);           // 16
var root = sqrt(16);               // 4.0

// Trigonometry (angles in radians)
var piVal = pi();                  // 3.141592653589793
var sineVal = sin(piVal / 2);      // 1.0
var cosineVal = cos(0);            // 1.0

// Logarithms
var naturalLog = ln(2.718);        // ≈ 1.0
var log2Val = log2(8);             // 3.0

// Random numbers
var random = rand();               // 0.0 to 1.0
var gaussian = randn();            // Normal distribution

// Complex numbers
var c1 = complex(3, 4);            // 3 + 4i
var angle = phase(c1);             // Phase angle

Basic Functions

• abs(number) - Absolute value
• pow(base, exp) - Power function
• sqrt(number) - Square root
• ceil(number) - Ceiling function
• floor(number) - Floor function
• round(number) - Round to nearest integer
• max(a, b) - Maximum of two numbers
• min(a, b) - Minimum of two numbers

Trigonometric Functions

• sin(number) - Sine function
• cos(number) - Cosine function
• tan(number) - Tangent function
• asin(number) - Arcsine function
• acos(number) - Arccosine function
• atan(number) - Arctangent function

Logarithmic Functions

• ln(number) - Natural logarithm
• log2(number) - Base-2 logarithm
• log10(number) - Base-10 logarithm

Random & Constants

• pi() - Pi constant
• rand() - Random float [0,1)
• randn() - Random normal distribution

Complex Numbers

• complex(real, imag) - Creates complex number
• phase(complex) - Phase of complex number

Collections Examples

// Create data structures
var myList = linked_list();
var userDB = hash_table();
var measurements = fvec(100);

// List operations
push(myList, "item1");
push(myList, "item2");
var item = pop(myList);

// Hash table operations
put(userDB, "name", "Alice");
var name = get(userDB, "name");

// Vector operations
var vec1 = {1, 2, 3};
var vec2 = {4, 5, 6};
var dot_product = dot(vec1, vec2);    // 32
var magnitude = norm(vec1);           // √14

// Statistical operations
var scores = {85, 92, 78, 96, 88};
var average = mean(scores);           // 87.8
var total = sum(scores);              // 439

Data Structure Creation

• linked_list() - Creates new linked list
• hash_table() - Creates new hash table
• fvec(capacity) - Creates new float vector

List Operations

• push(list, value) - Adds element to end of list
• pop(list) - Removes last element
• push_front(list, value) - Adds element to front
• pop_front(list) - Removes first element
• insert(list, index, value) - Inserts element at index
• remove(collection, key) - Removes element

Access & Query

• len(list) - Gets length of list
• get(list, index) - Gets element at index
• nth(list, index) - Gets nth element
• contains(list, value) - Checks if list contains value
• is_empty(list) - Checks if list is empty

Hash Table Operations

• put(hash_table, key, value) - Puts element into hash table
• pairs(hash_table) - Gets key-value pairs

Vector Operations

• linspace(start, end, count) - Creates evenly spaced values
• dot(vector1, vector2) - Dot product
• cross(vector1, vector2) - Cross product (3D)
• norm(vector) - Euclidean norm
• proj(vector1, vector2) - Vector projection
• angle(vector1, vector2) - Angle between vectors

Statistical Functions

• sum(vector) - Sum of all elements
• mean(vector) - Mean of all elements
• std(vector) - Standard deviation
• vari(vector) - Variance of elements
• maxl(vector) - Maximum element
• minl(vector) - Minimum element

Filesystem Examples

// File operations
create_file("data.txt");
write_file("data.txt", "Hello, MufiZ!");
var content = read_file("data.txt");
delete_file("data.txt");

// Directory operations
create_dir("my_project");
create_dir("my_project/src");

// Organize project files
create_file("my_project/README.md");
write_file("my_project/README.md", "# My Project");

create_file("my_project/src/main.mufi");
write_file("my_project/src/main.mufi", 'print("Hello!");');

// Clean up
delete_file("my_project/README.md");
delete_file("my_project/src/main.mufi");
delete_dir("my_project/src");
delete_dir("my_project");

File Operations

• create_file(path) - Creates new file
• read_file(path) - Reads file content
• write_file(path, content) - Writes to file
• delete_file(path) - Deletes file

Directory Operations

• create_dir(path) - Creates directory
• delete_dir(path) - Deletes directory

Network Examples

// HTTP requests
var response = http_get("https://api.github.com/users/octocat");

// POST with JSON data
set_content_type("application/json");
var userData = '{"name": "Alice", "email": "[email protected]"}';
var postResponse = http_post("https://httpbin.org/post", userData);

// Authentication
set_auth("Bearer your-api-token");
var authResponse = http_get("https://api.example.com/protected");

// URL utilities
var encoded = url_encode("Hello World!");  // "Hello%20World!"
var decoded = url_decode(encoded);         // "Hello World!"
var urlParts = parse_url("https://api.example.com/users?id=123");

// Open URL in browser
open_url("https://github.com/Mufi-Lang/MufiZ");

HTTP Requests

• http_get(url) - Performs HTTP GET request
• http_post(url, data) - Performs HTTP POST request
• http_put(url, data) - Performs HTTP PUT request
• http_delete(url) - Performs HTTP DELETE request

Configuration

• set_content_type(type) - Sets content type for requests
• set_auth(token) - Sets authorization token

URL Utilities

• parse_url(url) - Parses URL into components
• url_encode(string) - URL encodes a string
• url_decode(string) - Decodes URL encoded string
• open_url(url) - Opens URL in default browser

Time Examples

// Get current timestamps
var currentTime = now();          // Unix timestamp in seconds
var milliTime = now_ms();         // Milliseconds since Unix epoch
var nanoTime = now_ns();          // Nanoseconds since Unix epoch

// Measure execution time
var startTime = now_ms();
sleep(1);  // Wait 1 second
var endTime = now_ms();
var duration = endTime - startTime;  // ~1000 ms

// Timeout checking
var operationStart = now();
var timeoutLimit = 30;  // 30 seconds
while ((now() - operationStart) < timeoutLimit) {
    // Do work...
    print("Working...");
    sleep(1);
}

// Rate limiting
var lastRequest = 0;
var minInterval = 1;  // 1 second between requests
if ((now() - lastRequest) >= minInterval) {
    // Make request
    lastRequest = now();
}

Timestamp Functions

• now() - Current timestamp in seconds
• now_ns() - Current timestamp in nanoseconds
• now_ms() - Current timestamp in milliseconds

Utility Examples

// Program control
exit(0);                    // Exit with success code
sleep(2);                   // Wait 2 seconds
panic("Critical error!");   // Terminate with error message

// Testing and debugging
assert(2 + 2 == 4);         // Test condition
var result = someFunction();
assert(result != null);     // Ensure valid result

// String formatting
var name = "Alice";
var age = 25;
var greeting = format("Hello, {}! Age: {}", name, age);
var shortForm = f("Hi, {}!", name);  // F-string syntax

// Error handling patterns
if (errorCondition) {
    print("Error occurred");
    exit(1);
} else {
    print("Success!");
    exit(0);
}

Program Control

• exit(code?) - Exits program with optional code
• sleep(seconds) - Sleeps for given seconds
• panic(message?) - Panics with optional message

Testing & Debugging

• assert(condition) - Asserts condition is true

String Formatting

• format(template, values...) - Formats string with placeholders
• f(template, values...) - Alias for format (f-string syntax)

Matrix Examples

// Create matrices
var I3 = eye(3);                    // 3x3 identity matrix
var onesMatrix = ones(2, 3);        // 2x3 matrix of ones
var zerosMatrix = zeros(3, 2);      // 3x2 matrix of zeros
var randMatrix = rand(2, 2);        // Random matrix

// Matrix operations
var A = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]];
var AT = transpose(A);              // Transpose
var matSize = size(A);              // Get dimensions
var traceA = trace(A);              // Diagonal sum

// Element access
var element = matrix_get(A, 0, 1);  // Get A[0,1]
matrix_set(A, 0, 1, 99);           // Set A[0,1] = 99

// Matrix concatenation
var left = [[1, 2], [3, 4]];
var right = [[5, 6], [7, 8]];
var combined = horzcat(left, right); // Horizontal concat

Matrix Creation

• eye(n) or eye(m, n) - Creates identity matrix
• ones(m, n) - Creates matrix of ones
• zeros(m, n) - Creates matrix of zeros
• rand(m, n) - Creates random matrix
• randn(m, n) - Creates random normal matrix
• matrix(data, rows, cols) - Create matrix from data

Matrix Operations

• transpose(A) - Matrix transpose
• det(A) - Matrix determinant
• inv(A) - Matrix inverse
• trace(A) - Matrix trace
• norm(A) - Frobenius norm
• rank(A) - Matrix rank
• rref(A) - Reduced row echelon form

Matrix Manipulation

• size(A) - Matrix dimensions
• reshape(A, m, n) - Reshape matrix
• horzcat(A, B) - Horizontal concatenation
• vertcat(A, B) - Vertical concatenation
• matrix_get(A, row, col) - Get matrix element
• matrix_set(A, row, col, value) - Set matrix element
• flatten(A) - Flatten matrix to vector